Мне особенно понравилась карта Млечного пути от Natoinal Geographic
http://astrolib.ucoz.ru/load/5Взялся за перевод плаката National Geographic со Вселенной, уж очень хочу его доработать немного, распечатать и повесить на своей стене.
Может будет кто такой хороший и добрый человек и проходя мимо оставит перевод? Набирал этот английский текст прямо с плаката вручную.
As far we can see with our ever improving telescopes, there are at least a hundred billon galaxies arrayed throughout the universe. Each, like the Milky Way, is an “island universe” containing billions of stars. Nearly all galaxies are members of groups or clusters, which are part of even larger structures called super clusters. All of these large concentrations are connected by filaments or sheets of galaxies, which enclose huge, bubble-like volumes of empty space, the cosmic voids.
The great unifier of the cosmos is gravity. It holds the stars of a galaxy, and the galaxies of a clusters, together. But clusters, groups, and isolated individual galaxies are all flying away from each other, a continuing aftermath of the big bang, an explosion of space itself that astronomers believe formed the universe 11 to 15 billion years ago.
Size of the universe
So vast is space that just to find our solar system we must make five leaps of scale. In the background image on this sheet we see a mere sliver of the sky – roughly one percent of the diameter of the observable universe – yet even the smallest dots represent not stars or galaxies but great congregations of galaxies. Scattered clumps of dark matter and galaxies appear as bright colors in the image, which is based on a supercomputer simulation. Within this sliver lies our super cluster (right), mapped using the actual positions of its celestial elements.
Evolution of the universe
Combining evidence from microwave observations of deep space with supercomputer models, scientists have theorized about the structure of the universe from the big bang to the present (above). From the time that radiation and matter separated – 300,000 years or so after the big bang – gravity began drawing matter first into clumps, then into stars. Perhaps a billion years later the first galaxies formed. As clusters of matter accumulated, the filament-and-void structure of today’s universe unfolded.
Smooth space; energy and matter nearly uniform.
Redshift
Big Bang
Redshift – a measure of how far light from receding galaxies has been stretched to longer, or redder, wavelengths – marks cosmic distances.
300,000 years after big bang.
Cosmic for clears.
Universe transparent to radiation. Differences in temperature and density emerge.
Universe cools.
50 million year after big bang.
Stars form in proto galactic clumps.
First stars emit light; thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen and helium into heavy elements.
Most distant galaxy (discovered December 1998)
Galaxies and quasars emerge from clouds of gas and dust.
One billion years after big bang.
Gravity enhances filament-like formations of galaxies.
Five billion years after big bang.
Galaxies coalesce in filaments Deep voids develop.
Void.
Filament.
Our sun and planets come into existence.
Ten billion years after big bang
Present.
Our super clusters.
Some 150 million light-years across, our super clusters is a great aggregation of clusters of galaxies. The super clusters is centered on the Virgo cluster, which itself contains thousands of galaxies. Among them is M87, which astronomers now know surrounds a gigantic black hole. Virgo’s gravity affects the movement of its neighbors, including the Local Group.
Virgo, the Ursa. Major cluster, and other clusters float in our super cluster, last outposts before a space traveler would enter a nearly galaxy-free region called a cosmic void. Not that the region within our supercluster is teeming with galaxies: Although the supercluster has a mass equaling some thousand trillion suns, virtually all its volume is empty. Empty, that is, except for a certain density of dark matter, the hidden mass of the universe that helps hold galaxies and clusters together.
Recent observations reveal that early in the universe’s history galaxies collided and merged more often than they do now. That indicates that they were more numerous in the past and that many have grown larger over billions of years.
